Thiamine or vitamin B1 is a water soluble vitamin found in foods such as cereals, legumes, nuts, and meats. Vitamin B1 deficiency causes beriberi and, during pregnancy and other diseases can cause peripheral neuritis. Besides, being used to prevent deficiency states, thiamine is beneficial in the treatment of certain metabolic disorders associated with acute necrotizing encephalomyopathy, the aminoacidopathies of the BCAAs or lactic acidosis associated with deficiency of pyruvate carboxylase.
Mechanism of action: Thiamine combines with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the liver, kidneys and leukocytes to form thiamin diphosphate. The DIPHOSPHATE thiamine acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates, transcetolación reactions and the use of hexose. Without some adequate amounts of thiamine, pyruvic acid is incapable of becoming acetyl-CoA and therefore it can not enter the Krebs cycle. The accumulation of pyruvic acid in blood and its conversion into lactic acid has responsible for lactic acidosis that develops in vitamin B1 deficiency. Vitamin B1 is also expressed as a nonspecific syndrome characterized by malaise, headache, myalgia and nausea, and cardiac mafinestaciones (peripheral vasodilation, edema and ventricular failure) and neurologic (neuropathy, ataxia, retrograde amnesia, poor concentration, etc).
Pharmacokinetics of thiamine is administered orally or by intramuscular injection or intravenously. Intestinal absorption of small doses of thiamine is fairly complete, but when doses are high, absorption is only partial. Food decreases the absorption of thiamine, and malabsorption also occurs in patients with cirrhosis alcoholics. After intramuscular administration of thiamine is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the orgamismo. Thiamine is excreted in breast milk (100-200 mg / day) but in normal conditions, their excretion is small. When admnistran high doses greater than necessary, renal excretion occurs in the form of pyrimidine.
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Tags: thiamine, vitamin B1, water soluble vitamin
